HeapSort ( array Based) implementation in Java

There are two types of heaps. First one is Max heap and second one is Min heap. Heap (Max/Min) is a special type of binary tree.The roots of  the max heap is greater than its child roots. Other heap is Min heap it is also a special type of heap which has minimum root than his child. We can sort the array values using heap sorting algorithm. In this algorithm the heap build is used to rebuild the heap.


In this example we sorting all elements of an array. The complexity of the heap sort is O(n.log(n)) since the method buildheap takes time O(n) and each of the (n-1) calls to maxheap takes time O(lg n).

Pesudo Code :

function heapSort(a, count) is
     input:  an unordered array a of length count

     (first place a in max-heap order)
     heapify(a, count)

     end := count-1 //in languages with zero-based arrays the children are 2*i+1 and 2*i+2
     while end > 0 do
         (swap the root(maximum value) of the heap with the last element of the heap)
         swap(a[end], a[0])
         (decrease the size of the heap by one so that the previous max value will
         stay in its proper placement) 
         end := end - 1
         (put the heap back in max-heap order)
         siftDown(a, 0, end)
         

 function heapify(a, count) is
     (start is assigned the index in a of the last parent node)
     start := count / 2 - 1
     
     while start ≥ 0 do
         (sift down the node at index start to the proper place such that all nodes below
          the start index are in heap order)
         siftDown(a, start, count-1)
         start := start - 1
     (after sifting down the root all nodes/elements are in heap order)

 function siftDown(a, start, end) is
     input:  end represents the limit of how far down the heap
                   to sift.
     root := start

     while root * 2 + 1 ≤ end do    (While the root has at least one child)
         child := root * 2 + 1      (root*2 + 1 points to the left child)
         swap := root        (keeps track of child to swap with)
         (check if root is smaller than left child)
         if a[swap] < a[child]
             swap := child
         (check if right child exists, and if it's bigger than what we're currently swapping with)
         if child+1 ≤ end and a[swap] < a[child+1]
             swap := child + 1
         (check if we need to swap at all)
         if swap != root
             swap(a[root], a[swap])
             root := swap          (repeat to continue sifting down the child now)
         else
             return

Code Description :

*maxheap(int[] a, int i) : It helps us to maintain the property of Max-Heap i.e. the root value is always greater than the child value and it takes a time of O(lg n). Therefore, we can say that the running time of maxheap(int [] a, int i) on a tree of height h  is O(h).

*buildheap(int[] a) : We use the maxheap() function in a bottom-up manner to create an array A[1..n], where n=A.length, into a Max-Heap. The function buildheap() goes through the remaining elements i.e. A[(n/2)+1, n] thus it take linear time, produces a max-heap from an unordered input array.

public class HeapSort 
{
    private static int[] a;
    private static int n;
    private static int left;
    private static int right;
    private static int largest;

    
    public static void buildheap(int []a){
        n=a.length-1;
        for(int i=n/2;i>=0;i--){
            maxheap(a,i);
        }
    }
    
    public static void maxheap(int[] a, int i){ 
        left=2*i;
        right=2*i+1;
        if(left <= n && a[left] > a[i]){
            largest=left;
        }
        else{
            largest=i;
        }
        
        if(right <= n && a[right] > a[largest]){
            largest=right;
        }
        if(largest!=i){
            exchange(i,largest);
            maxheap(a, largest);
        }
    }
    
    public static void exchange(int i, int j){
        int t=a[i];
        a[i]=a[j];
        a[j]=t; 
        }
    
    public static void sort(int []a0){
        a=a0;
        buildheap(a);
        
        for(int i=n;i>0;i--){
            exchange(0, i);
            n=n-1;
            maxheap(a, 0);
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int []a1={4,1,3,2,16,9,10,14,8,7};
        sort(a1);
        for(int i=0;i<a1.length;i++){
            System.out.print(a1[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}

OUTPUT :

1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 14 16 

HeapSort Working :

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DOWNLOAD Source Code :

 HeapSort Source Code @GITHUB

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Other Sorting Algo :

Merge Sort : View 

Insertion Sort : View